Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease has rapidly evolved into a sweeping pandemic
despite public health measures. Screening and development of new vaccines and antivirals
are expensive and time consuming. However, the repositioning of available drugs is
an essential and universal strategy in the development of new drugs and therefore
should receive priority attention as well as international government and agency support.
Significant drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and remdesivir,
are currently undergoing clinical studies to test their efficacy and safety. Some
promising results have been achieved thus far in the treatment of COVID-19. In this
article we summarize and discuss the most common synthetic strategies to apply in
the preparation of these drug molecules. It is hoped that this compendium will provide
an accessible useful guide and reference source for scientists, researchers and academia
in their battle against COVD-19.
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)
2.1 Synthesis of 4,7-Dichloroquinoline 1
2.2 Synthesis of 2-Amino-5-(diethylamino)pentane (Novoldiamine) 2
2.3 Synthesis of 5-(N -Ethyl-N -2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-pentylamine 4
2.4 Developed Methods for Synthesis of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine
2.5 Synthesis of (R )-Chloroquine, (S )-Chloroquine, (R )-Hydroxychloroquine and (S )-Hydroxychloroquine
3 Synthesis of Favipiravir (Avigan)
4 Synthesis of Remdesivir
5 Conclusion
Key words COVID-19 - chloroquine - favipiravir - remdesivir - hydroxychloroquine - synthesis
- antiviral
